Use of Thevenin’s Theorem With Example Step By Step

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A French engineer; M.L. Thevenin made Thevenin’s theorem.

VTH   - Thevenin voltage is defined as the voltage across the load terminal when the load resistor is open. The Thevenin voltage is sometimes called the open circuit voltage.

RTH – Thevenin resistors is defined as the resistance that an ohmmeter measures across the load terminal when all source are reduced to zero and the load resistor is open.

To reduce the load resistor, if;
Voltage source – close circuit
Current source – open circuit
Replace the circuit using above guideline. 

Ex 1:


Find VTH , RTH , IL and VL   using above circuit.

Step 1:
  • Remove RL  resistor
  • There isn’t any current across 8kΩ resistor
  • So, we can divide voltage between 12kΩ and 4kΩ resistors



V (4kΩ) = (48/ (12+4))*4                                V (12kΩ) = (48/ (12+4))*12
                   12V                                                                                     36V

                  VTH = 12V

Step 2:

Replace voltage source using a wire.

                 
R1;
1/R1 = 1/12 + ¼
1/R1 = 4/12
R1 = 3kΩ
R2 = 8kΩ

              RTH = R1 + R2
                         11kΩ

Step 3:

Now we can calculate IL (the current across the Load Resistor)

V = IR
VTH / (RTH + RL) = IL
12/ (11+5) = IL
0.75 mA = IL

Step 4:

Using IL, we can calculate VL

V = IR
VL =  ILRL
VL = 7.5 * 10-4 *5 * 103
VL = 3.75 V


Ex 2:


Find VTH , RTH , IL and VL   using above circuit.
{Answers: VTH = 21V, RTH = 5Ω, IL = 3A, VL = 6V}


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